CushionTheBlow (구 BluemoonSoft)

Symbian OS is an open operating system, designed for mobile devices, with associated libraries, user interface frameworks and reference implementations of common tools, produced by Symbian Ltd. It is a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors.

On 24 June 1998, Symbian Ltd. was formed as a partnership between Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion, to exploit the convergence between PDAs and mobile phones. Symbian was previously owned by Nokia (56.3%), Ericsson (15.6%), Sony Ericsson (13.1%), Panasonic (10.5%) and Samsung (4.5%). Ten years to the day later, on 24 June 2008, Nokia announced that they intended to acquire all shares that they did not already own. The acquisition was of €264 million, or $410 million.

On 24 June 2008 the Symbian Foundation was announced with the aim to "provide royalty-free software and accelerate innovation".

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS

The acronym RISC (pronounced risk), for reduced instruction set computing, represents a CPU design strategy emphasizing the insight that simplified instructions which "do less" may still provide for higher performance if this simplicity can be utilized to make instructions execute very quickly. Many proposals for a "precise" definition have been attempted, however, the term is being slowly replaced by the more descriptive load-store architecture (see below). Well known RISC families include DEC Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, Power Architecture (including PowerPC), SuperH, and SPARC.

Being an old idea, some aspects attributed to the first RISC-labeled designs (around 1975) include the discovery that compilers of the time were often unable to take advantage of features intended to facilitate coding, and that complex addressing took many cycles to perform. It was argued that such functions would better be performed by sequences of simpler instructions if this could yield implementations simple enough to cope with really high frequencies, and small enough to leave room for many registers, factoring out slow memory accesses. Uniform, fixed length instructions with arithmetics restricted to registers were chosen to ease instruction pipelining in these simple designs, with special load-store instructions accessing memory.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC

Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant .NET compatible set of tools, including among others a C# compiler and a Common Language Runtime. Mono can be run on Linux, BSD, UNIX, Mac OS X, Solaris and Windows operating systems.

Microsoft has a version of .NET available for FreeBSD, Windows and Mac OS X called the Shared Source CLI (Rotor). Microsoft's shared source license may be insufficient for the needs of the community (it explicitly forbids commercial use). The Mono project has many of the same goals as the Portable.NET project.

The Mono runtime contains a just-in-time compilation (JIT) engine for a number of processors: x86, SPARC, PowerPC, ARM, S390 (in 32-bit and 64-bit mode), and x86_64, IA64 and SPARC for 64-bit modes. The runtime will perform a just-in-time compilation to the machine's native code which is cached as the application runs. It is also possible to precache the native image before execution. For other supported systems not listed, an interpreter performs each byte code one by one without compiling the image to native code. In almost every condition the JIT method will outperform the interpreted method.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_%28software%29

In computing, just-in-time compilation (JIT), also known as dynamic translation, is a technique for improving the runtime performance of a computer program. JIT builds upon two earlier ideas in run-time environments: bytecode compilation and dynamic compilation. It converts code at runtime prior to executing it natively, for example bytecode into native machine code. The performance improvement over interpreters originates from caching the results of translating blocks of code, and not simply reevaluating each line or operand each time it is met (see Interpreted language). It also has advantages over statically compiling the code at development time, as it can recompile the code if this is found to be advantageous, and may be able to enforce security guarantees. Thus JIT can combine some of the advantages of interpretation and static compilation.

Several modern runtime environments, such as Microsoft's .NET Framework and most implementations of Java and most recently Actionscript 3, rely on JIT compilation for high-speed code execution.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation

Ecma International is an international, private (membership-based) non-profit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's international reach. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization.

The organization was originally founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to companies that produce, market or develop computer or communication systems in Europe. It is located in Geneva.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International

Adobe AIR is a cross-platform runtime environment for building rich Internet applications using Adobe Flash, Adobe Flex, HTML, or Ajax, that can be deployed as a desktop application.

Adobe made a public preview release of AIR (then called Apollo) along with a software development kit (SDK) and extension for developing Apollo applications with the Flex framework, on March 19, 2007. On June 10, 2007, Apollo was renamed to AIR and a public beta release of the runtime was launched. Public beta 2 of AIR SDK was released on October 1, 2007. Public beta 3, was released on December 12, 2007, and version 1.0 was released on February 25, 2008.

A Linux alpha version was released on March 31, 2008.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_AIR

XULRunner is a runtime environment developed by the Mozilla Foundation for providing a common back-end for XUL applications. It replaced the Gecko Runtime Environment, a stalled project with a similar purpose.

XULRunner is currently in the early stages of development. The first stable developer preview of XULRunner was released in February 2006, based on the Mozilla 1.8 code base, and alpha versions based on Mozilla 1.9 were released in 2007.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XULRunner

Prism, previously known as WebRunner, is a product in development which integrates web applications with the desktop, allowing web applications to be launched from the desktop and configured independently of the default web browser. It is commonly used with Google AJAX Applications, such as Gmail and Google Docs.

The preview announcement of Prism was made in October 2007. The software is currently in its beta stage.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Prism

RFB (“remote framebuffer”) is a simple protocol for remote access to graphical user interfaces. Because it works at the framebuffer level it is applicable to all windowing systems and applications, including X11, Windows and Macintosh. RFB is the protocol used in Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and its derivatives.

Although RFB started as a relatively simple protocol it has been enhanced with additional features (such as file transfers) and more sophisticated compression and security techniques as it has developed. To maintain seamless cross-compatibility between the many different VNC client and server implementations, the clients and servers negotiate a connection using the best RFB version, and the most appropriate compression and security options, that they can both support.

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFB_protocol